Abstract
Digitisation breaks down traditional industry and sector boundaries and fuels new work structures and networks. By using linked employer–employee data for Norway (years 2013–2017), we address two research questions: whether some parts of the economy increasingly need people who are “specialised” in ICT, in the sense that the main focus of their formal education is ICT, and whether the ongoing digitisation processes in the Norwegian economy have altered the complementarities between ICT education and other types of formal education. By means of a shift-share analysis, we disentangle the contributions to employment deriving from variation in the education mix within the sectors. We also observe the recent labour flows of ICT-educated workers across sectors of the Norwegian economy. Then, an establishment-level analysis sheds light on possible evolutions of the complementarity of ICT education with other types of education. Public administration and health are revealed to be increasingly important attractors for ICT-educated people. Nonetheless, the ICT industries still employ many ICT-educated individuals and they are becoming more specialised, possibly as outsourcees of services to other industries. Finally, flows of ICT-educated employees from and to the sales sector and the publishing and audiovisual industries suggest an evolving knowledge content in these areas of the economy.
Highlights
Digitisation breaks down traditional industry and sector boundaries and fuels new work structures and networks [1]
Our question is: Have there been changes in the way ICT education is employed by the Norwegian economy? We address the match between the acquisition of skills through education and the application of those skills within specific sectors of the economy
We investigate whether ICT education is, in year 2017, employed differently by the Norwegian economy than four years before
Summary
Digitisation breaks down traditional industry and sector boundaries and fuels new work structures and networks [1]. ICT is a general purpose technology which can be adopted across several industries [2], and investments in ICT, along with investments in. R&D, account for a large part of the productivity growth experienced in the last decades in the OECD area [3] and Norway in particular [4]. High-level ICT competences currently appear to be scarce both in Norway and in other European countries [6]. While a first phase of digitisation, begun in the 1990s, increased the share of production, consumption and communication based on the use of data, a second digitisation phase is currently increasing the interaction between physical systems and global data networks [8]
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