Abstract
By employing multi-reanalysis daily datasets and station data, this study focuses on the evolution characteristics of the daily-scale Silk Road pattern (SRP) and its effect on summer temperatures in the Yangtze River Valley (YRV). The results manifest that the evolution characteristics of positive- and negative-phase SRP (referred to SRP+ and SRP−) exhibit marked distinctions. The anomaly centers of SRP+ over West Central Asia (WCA) and Mongolia emerge firstly, vanishing simultaneously one week after peak date; however, the Far East (FE) anomaly centers can persist for a longer period. The SRP− starts with the WCA and FE centers, with a rapid decline in the strength of the WCA center and preservation of other anomaly centers after its peak. In the vertical direction, daily-scale SRP mainly concentrates in the mid-to-upper troposphere. Baroclinicity accounts for its early development and barotropic instability process favors the maintenance. Moreover, the SRP+ (SRP−) is inextricably linked to heat wave (cool summer) processes in the YRV. Concretely, before the onset of SRP+ events, an anomalous anticyclone and significant negative vorticities over East Asia related to SRP+ favor the zonal advance between the South Asia high (SAH) and western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH), inducing local descents over YRV area. The sinking adiabatic warming and clear-sky radiation warming can be considered as the possible causes for the YRV heat waves. The adiabatic cooling with the local ascents leads to more total cloud cover (positive precipitation anomalies) and less solar radiation incident to surface of the YRV, inducing the cool summer process during SRP−.
Highlights
For a long time, meteorologists generally point out that summer weather and climate over East Asia are inextricably linked to the East Asian summer monsoon, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and other external forcing factors [1,2,3]
The middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River Valley in China is significantly affected by East Asian summer monsoon, which is prone to high temperature weather [29]
The anomaly center over the Far East appears later than other centers, it can maintain its intensity for a longer period, owing to the convergence of sustaining eastward wave-activity flux (WAF) over the Far East
Summary
Meteorologists generally point out that summer weather and climate over East Asia are inextricably linked to the East Asian summer monsoon, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and other external forcing factors (i.e., sea surface temperature in the tropical Pacific, Arctic sea ice, solar activity, and soil moisture) [1,2,3]. Previous studies indicated that it can regulate the interaction between the members of the Eurasian circulation systems and markedly affect the summer weather and climate anomalies over East Asia [5,14]. Subsequent studies have indicated that SRP has a significant effect on climate and weather over the northern China, southern China, and Indian Monsoon regions [7,21,22,23,24]. Plenty of works have been devoted to study its evolution characteristics, formation mechanism, and influence on East Asian summer monsoon climate by analyzing monthly fields [13,14]. The middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River Valley in China is significantly affected by East Asian summer monsoon, which is prone to high temperature weather [29]. Daily analysis unfolds more details of SRP climate effects
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