The ethics of 3D printing copies of bodies donated for medical education and research: What is there to worry about?

Abstract

Many emerging technologies have the potential to revolutionise aspects of everyday life. At every turn, new examples of technological advances surround us, from self-driving cars through to gene therapy and genomic medicine. The rapid development and integration of 3D printing is another example of a new technology having a major impact on society. Objects can now be printed as near-perfect reproductions by anyone with a moderately capable computer and enough money to purchase a 3D printer. Everyday items, furniture, household appliances, and even guns can now be reproduced. Even human body parts, from cadavers donated to medical science, are now being 3D printed and used for the purpose of medical education and research.1