The Era of Sustainable and Energy Efficient Nanoelectronics and Nanosystems

Abstract

The maximization of energy efficiency of cointegrated low power and high performance logic, memory, and nanosystem devices will significantly impact the world energy-saving balance. The future of nanoelectronics will need to be energy and variability efficiency conscious. The increasing demand for nomadic products requesting heterogeneous integration for many societal needs, such as health care, energy, communication, and Internet of Things, will call for the integration of energy sources, storage, and harvesting as well as communication capabilities. An autonomous power source must be designed with a minimum of three basic functions: energy harvesting, energy storage, and power management. In all cases, energy efficiency and thus the low power consumption is sought. Volatile memories can be cointegrated either directly with complementary metal oxide semiconductor or in a specific process for large capacities. In order to meet the energy efficiency challenges at the system level, drastic supply voltage scaling is necessary to downscale sub-5 nm logic and memory devices.