Abstract
BackgroundStreptococcus mutans (S. mutans) is one of the main cariogenic bacteria for caries. It was found that the clinical strains of S. mutans isolated from caries active population have stronger cariogenic ability than the isolates from caries-free (CF) people. Previous studies have found that curcumin can inhibit biofilm formation of S. mutans UA159. The objective of this study is to explore the antibiofilm effect of curcumin on the clinical isolates of S. mutans from severe early childhood caries(SECC).ResultsThe isolates from SECC group had more biomass than CF group (t = 4.296, P < 0.001). The acidogenicity and aciduricity of the strains from two groups showed no significant difference. After treatment with curcumin, the viability of biofilm was reduced to 61.865% ± 7.108% in SECC and to 84.059% ± 10.227% in CF group at 24 h (P < 0.05). The net reduction of live bacteria and total bacteria in the SECC group was significantly higher than that of the CF group (live bacteria t = 3.305, P = 0.016; total bacteria t = 2.378, P = 0.045) at 5 min. For 24 h, the net reduction of live bacteria and total bacteria in the SECC group was significantly higher than that of the CF group (live bacteria t = 3.305, P = 0.016; total bacteria t = 2.378, P = 0.045). The reduction of biofilm thickness reduced significantly in 5 min (t = 4.110, P = 0.015) and in 24 h (t = 3.453, P = 0.014). Long-term (24 h) curcumin treatment inhibited the amount of EPS in SECC group from (25.980 ± 1.156) μm3/μm2 to (20.136 ± 1.042) μm3/μm2, the difference was statistically significant (t = 7.510, P < 0.001). The gene of gtfC, gtfD, ftf, gbpB, fruA and srtA in the CF group and the gtfB, gtfC, gtfD, ftf, gbpB, srtA in SECC group were respectively reduced after 5 min curcumin treatment. After 24 h treatment, the gtfB, gtfC, gtfD, ftf, gbpB, fruA and srtA in both two groups were downregulation, all the differences were statistically significant.ConclusionsCurcumin has antibiofilm activity on clinical strains of S. mutans, especially for those isolated from SECC.
Highlights
Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) is one of the main cariogenic bacteria for caries
Different biological properties of the clinical strains of S. mutans As shown in Fig. 1a, the biomass of the clinical isolates was different between two groups
The effect of curcumin on biofilm activity of S. mutans clinical strains As shown in Fig. 2a, there was no significant effect of curcumin on the biofilm viability of the two groups after 5 min’ treatment
Summary
Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) is one of the main cariogenic bacteria for caries. The objective of this study is to explore the antibiofilm effect of curcumin on the clinical isolates of S. mutans from severe early childhood caries(SECC). Especially severe early childhood caries (SECC), severely impacts the oral health of children. Cariogenic bacteria plays a role in the process of dental caries by forming biofilms [4, 5]. Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) is one of the main cariogenic bacteria for caries based on its acidproducing, acid-resistant and adhesive properties [8,9,10,11]. S. mutans can rapidly modulate the formation of cariogenic biofilms when dietary sucrose and starch are present. The biofilm modulated by S. mutans plays a crucial role in the formation of subsequently mature and complex cariogenic biofilm. Enhanced understanding of how S. mutans biofilms can be disrupted and removed from the surface of attachment could lead to improved strategies to eradicate them
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