Abstract
Candida albicans is strongly associated with severe early childhood caries (S-ECC). However, the roles of secreted aspartyl proteinases (Saps), an important virulence factor of C. albicans, in the progress of S-ECC are not clear. In our study, the Saps activities were evaluated by the yeast nitrogen base–bovine serum albumi (YNB–BSA) agar plate method and by the MTT method with bovine serum albumin (BSA) as the substrate. Genotypes of C. albicans and gene expression of Sap1–5 were evaluated. The relationships of Saps activities and genotypes with S-ECC were analyzed. The results showed that enzyme activities of Saps in the S-ECC group were significantly higher than those in the caries free (CF) group (p < 0.05). Genotypes A, B and C were detected in the S-ECC group, and genotypes A and C were detected in the CF group. In the genotype A group, Saps activity in the S-ECC group was significantly different from that in the CF group (p < 0.05). The gene expression level of Sap1 in the S-ECC group was significantly higher than that in the CF group (p = 0.001), while Sap4 expression was significantly lower than that in the CF group (p = 0.029). It can be concluded that Sap1–5 are the predominant proteinase genes expressed in C. albicans from dental biofilm and Sap1 may play an important role in the development of S-ECC.
Highlights
Severe early childhood caries (S-ECC) is defined in 3- to 5-year-old children as one or more cavitated teeth, teeth missing due to caries or filled smooth surfaces in primary maxillary anterior teeth, or a decayed/missing/filled tooth score of ≥4, ≥5 or ≥6 [1].It is a aggressive form of dental caries affecting the primary teeth of young children and has become a serious public health problem
To investigate whether the enzyme activity of secreted aspartyl proteinases (Saps) is related to the sequence of genomic DNA, we evaluated the genotypes of C. albicans by arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction (AP-PCR)
We found that gene expression of Sap2, Sap3 and Sap5 in the S-ECC group was higher than that in the caries free (CF) group, but there was no significant difference between the S-ECC and CF groups
Summary
Severe early childhood caries (S-ECC) is defined in 3- to 5-year-old children as one or more cavitated teeth, teeth missing due to caries or filled smooth surfaces in primary maxillary anterior teeth, or a decayed/missing/filled tooth score of ≥4 (age 3 years), ≥5 (age 4 years) or ≥6 (age 5 years) [1] It is a aggressive form of dental caries affecting the primary teeth of young children and has become a serious public health problem. The enzyme activity and gene expression of Saps in samples obtained from dental biofilm and their relationship with S-ECC are still unknown. In different genotypes of C. albicans, the enzyme activity and gene expression of Saps associated with the development of S-ECC are variable. Gene expression of Sap in genotypes of C. albicans was evaluated by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)
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