Abstract
Teaching is based on face-to-face interaction and teachers are required to show certain emotions and suppress others in order to teach their students well and motivate them. The present study was aimed to find out the nature and extent of the emotional labor among university teachers. The universe of the study was Universities from Punjab, Province & multistage sampling technique was used for the selection of the Universities as well as for the respondents. At 1st stage, three universities i.e., University of Sargodha, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi and University of Lahore were selected randomly. At second stage, the faculties and departments were selected randomly and at third stage the respondents were selected conveniently. The sample size was comprised of 120 respondents. The data was analyzed by the help of statistical software SPSS and descriptive statistic was applied (Frequencies, Percentages, mean and Std. Deviation values), whereas, Correlation and ANOVA test was applied for hypotheses testing. Results showed that teachers do the surface acting for managing their personal emotions at the workplace. Their job demands to express the positive emotions and hide the negative emotions. The emotional labor is directly influencing the personal wellbeing of the teachers and their work productivity and sometime, may leads toward the condition of emotional exhaustion. Keywords: Emotional labor, Surface Acting, Deep acting, Display rules, Job performance, Job Satisfaction.
Highlights
Gosserand & Diefendorff, (2005) has defined emotional labor as modifying and adjusting the emotional displays in order to attain the goals required for work and basis behind this is to dictate the emotions the emotions for achieving the goals at workplace
A study about the demands of emotional labor among University Teachers in Punjab are surface acting, deep acting, emotional exhaustion, job performance and satisfaction; which are the predictors of self-estrangement and work productivity (Hochschild, 1983; Hayes & Kleiner, 2001; Gosserand & Diefendorff, 2005)
The present study aimed to find out the nature and extent of the emotional labor among university teachers in orientation with its multiple strategic Dimensions
Summary
Gosserand & Diefendorff, (2005) has defined emotional labor as modifying and adjusting the emotional displays in order to attain the goals required for work and basis behind this is to dictate the emotions the emotions for achieving the goals at workplace. A study about the demands of emotional labor among University Teachers in Punjab are surface acting, deep acting, emotional exhaustion, job performance and satisfaction; which are the predictors of self-estrangement and work productivity (Hochschild, 1983; Hayes & Kleiner, 2001; Gosserand & Diefendorff, 2005). It is found in others studies that this transition in the role performance leads toward the distinct demands for the job within role theory paradigm It is highly linked with the emotions that are felt and those that are expressed in the front of students and that become the cause of the emotional labor (Morris & Feldman, 1996; Varca, 2009). The displaying the positive emotions at workplace are directly linked with the positive evaluation of the service quality by customers It is the management of the roles and the tasks for the job requirement (Constanti & Gibbs, 2004). The correlation and ANOVA test was applied for hypotheses testing
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