Abstract
The big data revolution is heralding an era where instrumentation, datafication, and computation are increasingly pervading the very fabric of cities. Big data technologies have become essential to the functioning of cities. Consequently, urban processes and practices are becoming highly responsive to a form of data-driven urbanism that is the key mode of production for smart cities. Such form is increasingly being directed towards tackling the challenges of sustainability in the light of the escalating urbanization trend. This paper investigates how the emerging data-driven smart city is being practiced and justified in terms of the development and implementation of its innovative applied solutions for sustainability. To illuminate this new urban phenomenon, a descriptive case study is adopted as a qualitative research methodology to examine and compare London and Barcelona as the leading data-driven smart cities in Europe. This study shows that these cities have a high level of the development of applied data-driven technologies, but they slightly differ in the level of the implementation of such technologies in different city systems and domains with respect to sustainability areas. They also moderately differ in the degree of their readiness as to the availability and development level of the competences and infrastructure needed to generate, transmit, process, and analyze large masses of data to extract useful knowledge for enhanced decision making and deep insights pertaining to urban operational functioning, management, and planning in relation to sustainability. London takes the lead as regards the ICT infrastructure and data sources, whereas Barcelona has the best practices in the data-oriented competences, notably horizontal information platforms, operations centers, dashboards, training programs and educational institutes, innovation labs, research centers, and strategic planning offices. This research enhances the scholarly community’s current understanding of the new phenomenon of the data-driven city with respect to the untapped synergic potential of the integration of smart urbanism and sustainable urbanism for advancing sustainability in the light of the emerging paradigm of big data computing. No previous work has, to the best of our knowledge, explored and highlighted the link between the data-driven smart solutions and the sustainable development strategies in the context of data-driven sustainable smart cities as a new paradigm of urbanism.
Highlights
As predicated by the United Nations, more than half of the world’s population live currently in urban areas, and around 70% will be concentrated in the cities by the year 2050
In 2015, Barcelona took the initiative of the smart city in a new direction by setting a goal of democratizing its Information and Communication Technology (ICT) infrastructure, with a vision to develop it by and for the people (Bibri 2020a)
This study has identified different themes, i.e., technologies, applications, competences, infrastructure, and data sources that are related to data-driven sustainable smart cities
Summary
As predicated by the United Nations, more than half of the world’s population live currently in urban areas, and around 70% will be concentrated in the cities by the year 2050 This anticipated urbanization of the world pose significant challenges related to environmental, economic, and social sustainability (e.g., Bibri 2018a, 2019a, 2020a; David 2017; Han et al 2016; Estevez et al 2016). In the current climate of the increased uncertainty and complexity of the world, it may be more challenging for smart cities to reconfigure themselves more sustainably and efficiently This implies that the city governments in the technologically advanced nations will face significant challenges due to the issues engendered by urban growth. Urban growth raises a variety of problems that jeopardize the sustainability of cities, as it puts an enormous strain on urban systems as well as ecosystem services
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