The emergence and molecular study of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ST239, ST59, ST9, and ST630 in food animals, Chongqing, China

Abstract

The emergence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in animals is an increasing concern for the agriculture and public health. A four-years (2016) successional study was conducted to investigate the antimicrobial resistant profiles and molecular characterizations of the livestock-associated MRSA (LA-MRSA) from animal farms or slaughterhouses in Chongqing, China. A total of 1667 samples were collected from 2013 to 2016 in different animal farms and hog markets. LA-MRSA were isolated and subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing and whole genome sequencing (WGS). S. aureus was detected at a ratio of 3.7% (n = 62), in which 18 isolates were identified as MRSA. All the S. aureus isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR) with the resistance to at least four drugs; however, none of those isolates was resistant to linezolid, vancomycin, or nitrofurantoin. The resistance was more obvious in the pig-associated S. aureus isolates than the strains associated with chickens or cows. The majority of multilocus sequence typing (MLST) types of the MRSA isolates were ST239, subsequently ST59, ST9, and ST630. Among these isolates, 18 MRSA possessed SCCmec type Ⅲ (n = 10), Ⅳa (n = 4), Ⅻ (n = 3) and Ⅴ(n = 1). Multiple spa types were also detected in the isolates, such as 899, 437, 30, 421, 969, 37, and 4549. This study indicates that MRSA could be transferred between humans and animals, and highlights the necessity of continuous surveillance of MRSA.