Abstract
In the Democratic Republic of Congo, donors promoted rapid liberalisation and presidential elections in the aftermath of the war, and after two terms, President Kabila has not left office. This article engages with the question of how liberalisation and elections are connected, and how they are related to the extension of presidential power. It finds that the international market for minerals has shaped the domestic political economy but its nature has effectively been ignored in the formulation of donor policy; efforts at regulating trade have been concentrated on due diligence of origin in Congo but have not addressed the secrecy of international trade. Liberalisation has removed control of economic resources from Congo, provided returns for elite politicians and funded violence to control the disenfranchised population. The offshore companies are the elephant in the room; without acknowledging them, analysis of the liberalisation and its interaction with presidential tenure lacks assessment of the opportunities, interests and power that shaped the processes.
Highlights
Since 2015, people in the Democratic Republic of Congo ( Congo) have used the word glissement – slippage – to refer to President Joseph Kabila’s efforts to push back presidential elections, originally slated for November 2016
It finds that the international market for minerals has shaped the domestic political economy but its nature has effectively been ignored in the formulation of donor policy; efforts at regulating trade have been concentrated on due diligence of origin in Congo but have not addressed the secrecy of international trade
Incorporating offshore companies into the analysis identifies the incompatibility of interests between the political elites and the population that intensifies a cycle of coercion and marginalisation that prolongs the presidential tenure
Summary
Since 2015, people in the Democratic Republic of Congo ( Congo) have used the word glissement – slippage – to refer to President Joseph Kabila’s efforts to push back presidential elections, originally slated for November 2016. In the Democratic Republic of Congo, donors promoted rapid liberalisation and presidential elections in the aftermath of the war, and after two terms, President Kabila has not left office.
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