Abstract
The influence of temperature on the synthesis of Ni(OH) 2 electrochromic films prepared using the cathodic template method has been investigated. The influence of deposition temperature on the morphology of nickel hydroxide films has been determined. By means of scanning electron and atomic-force microscopy, it has been established that surface morphology depends on deposition temperature. The flattest film surface corresponded to a deposition temperature of 30 °С, which indicated high optical properties. The maximum profile shift of films deposited at different temperatures was 400nM, while for the film deposited at 30 °С – 212 nM. By means of X-ray diffraction, it has been established that all films have crystal lattice similar to α-Ni(OH) 2 , with a high number of defects в . It also has been discovered that at a deposition temperature of 20–60 °С, a peak at 2q=16° appears on the diffraction pattern, the highest intensity of which corresponds to the process temperature of 30–40 °С. By means of cyclic voltamperometry and recording of transmittance changes, it has been demonstrated that nickel hydroxide film deposited at 30 °С has the best electrochemical and optical properties. A partial correlation between optical and electrochemical properties of films deposited at different temperatures has been noted.
Highlights
Nickel hydroxide is the main component of nickel oxide electrode (NOE), which is used in alkaline accumulators [1, 2] and hybrid supercapacitors [3, 4]
Ni(OH)2 finds its applications in other fields: oxidation of organic compounds [5], sensors for some compounds [6], and electrochromic films [7]
The electrochromic films are used in devices that can alter their optical properties based on polarity of applied voltage, the amount of electricity and its duration
Summary
Nickel hydroxide is the main component of nickel oxide electrode (NOE), which is used in alkaline accumulators [1, 2] and hybrid supercapacitors [3, 4]. Different types of electrochromic films alter different optical properties: color, transparency, opacity. Deposited as a thin film, the nickel hydroxide is almost transparent and during anodic oxidation it transforms into the colored form – oxyhydroxide (NiOOH) according to the solid-state reaction (1): Ni(OH)2→NiOOH+H++ē. Nickel hydroxide (oxide) is viewed as an anodic electrochromic material to be paired with cathodic electrochromic materials (WO3, Nb2O5, Ir(OH)3) and produce grey color in the colored state. This material is promising because of good reversibility, high specific coloration per unit of power and low power required to sustain the colored state. Materials Science deposition methods of Ni(OH) (NiO) and their optimization raise a great interest
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