Abstract
As fuel consumption in the transport sector has increased at a faster pace than in other sectors, the use of electromobility represents the main strategy adopted by the automotive industry. In this context, as the number of electrical vehicles (EVs) will increase, it will also be necessary to increase the number of charging stations. The present paper presents a complete solution for charging stations that can be located in the office or mall parking area. This solution includes a mode 3 AC charging stations of International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 61851-1 Standard, an EV simulator for testing the good functionality of the charging stations (i.e., communications, residual-current device (RCD) protection) and a software application used for controlling the charging process by the programmable logic controller (PLC).
Highlights
Romania, as a signatory country of the Paris Agreement [1], has committed to reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 43% by 2030 compared to 2005 and to participate in the European Union’s efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 30% by 2030.In Reference [2], the authors depicted that the charging time is one of the main challenges that the electrical vehicle (EV) industry is facing
The electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE) generates a 1 kHz square wave at ±12 volts in order to detect whether correctlyplugged, plugged,to tocommunicate communicate the byby the cable and whether thethe is iscorrectly the maximum maximumpower powerallowed allowed the cable and whether the EV is correctly plugged, to communicate the maximum power allowed by the cable and charging begin/endprocess processcontrol control initiated initiated by byby
An EV can be charged from an EVSE only if communication between these is established and both send a confirmation that they are ready for the charging process
Summary
As a signatory country of the Paris Agreement [1], has committed to reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 43% by 2030 compared to 2005 and to participate in the European Union’s efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 30% by 2030. The high-power charging rates are essential over a short interval of time for level-III charging which imposes a very high demand on the utility grid [8,9]. If the renewable energy is used for charging electrical vehicles (EVs), we can consider these vehicles with zero emissions [17] In this context, as the number of electrical vehicles (EVs) will increase, it will be necessary to increase the number of the charging stations which will have a negative impact on the power quality of the power network (Overvoltage, Voltage Sag) [18,19,20,21,22]. Mode 3 where the EV is connected via specific socket on a dedicated charging station that has permanently installed the control and the protection functions.
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