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Abstract
Abstract. This paper presents the Semi-empirical URban canopY parametrization (SURY) v1.0, which bridges the gap between bulk urban land-surface schemes and explicit-canyon schemes. Based on detailed observational studies, modelling experiments and available parameter inventories, it offers a robust translation of urban canopy parameters – containing the three-dimensional information – into bulk parameters. As a result, it brings canopy-dependent urban physics to existing bulk urban land-surface schemes of atmospheric models. At the same time, SURY preserves a low computational cost of bulk schemes for efficient numerical weather prediction and climate modelling at the convection-permitting scales. It offers versatility and consistency for employing both urban canopy parameters from bottom-up inventories and bulk parameters from top-down estimates. SURY is tested for Belgium at 2.8 km resolution with the COSMO-CLM model (v5.0_clm6) that is extended with the bulk urban land-surface scheme TERRA_URB (v2.0). The model reproduces very well the urban heat islands observed from in situ urban-climate observations, satellite imagery and tower observations, which is in contrast to the original COSMO-CLM model without an urban land-surface scheme. As an application of SURY, the sensitivity of atmospheric modelling with the COSMO-CLM model is addressed for the urban canopy parameter ranges from the local climate zones of http://WUDAPT.org. City-scale effects are found in modelling the land-surface temperatures, air temperatures and associated urban heat islands. Recommendations are formulated for more precise urban atmospheric modelling at the convection-permitting scales. It is concluded that urban canopy parametrizations including SURY, combined with the deployment of the WUDAPT urban database platform and advancements in atmospheric modelling systems, are essential.
Highlights
Cities over the world are expanding (Seto et al, 2012) and an increasing share of the population tends to live in the cities (United Nations, 2014)
The associated changes to the landscape and anthropogenic heating led to excess temperatures in cities compared to their natural surroundings, which is known as the urban heat island (UHI) effect
Throughout the subsections below, the robustness of Semi-empirical URban canopY parametrization (SURY) is verified by comparing bulk parameters from top-down estimates with those translated from bottom-up urban canopy parameter inventories
Summary
Cities over the world are expanding (Seto et al, 2012) and an increasing share of the population tends to live in the cities (United Nations, 2014). They enable the convection-permitting atmospheric models to resolve the heterogeneity of cities with applications for heat stress assessment and the development of urban climate adaptation and mitigation strategies (Prein et al, 2015) Even though their purpose of representing urban physics in land-surface schemes of atmospheric models is the same, intercomparison studies (Karsisto et al, 2016; Trusilova et al, 2016; Best and Grimmond, 2015; Grimmond et al, 2011) demonstrate that they differ in terms of modelling strategy, complexity, input parameters and applicability: on the one hand, the bulk schemes The applicability of these explicit-canyon schemes for convectionpermitting atmospheric modelling is generally hindered by either the lack of detailed urban canopy information, computational cost and their model complexity, and these issues are explained in more detail hereafter
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