The efficiency increasing problems of water biological resources using at the regional level

Abstract

The fishing structure and amount of vertebrate and invertebrate biological resources are estimated for small limnoecosystems in the forest-steppe zone of the Western Siberia south-west part. The predominance of fish farming based on the maximum use of the natural abiotic and biotic (feeding) resources of the ecosystems, mainly with annual growth of fishes, is noted. Negative abiotic, anthropogenic and socio-economic factors hindering the efficient use of aquatic biological resources are considered. On the Kurgan region territory dominate the small lakes without flow out which has small area (1.0–1.5 km2 ) and depth (up to 3–4 m) with sloping shores, which overgrowing of Phragmites australis. Most lakes are mesotrophic with average biomass of phytoplankton, zooplankton and zoobenthos, as well as the concentration of biogenic matter, or eutrophic. On the Kurgan region territory are in total 7102 lakes of different genesis and size, which area is more than 0.001 km² according to the decoding results of satellite images performed at the Institute of Lake Science of the Russian Academy of Sciences 2010–2013 years (“Lakes of Russia” Information System). For 2019, in the Kurgan region, 3,857.5 tons of aquatic biological resources were obtained as a result of fishing. 99.3% of the total amount of products is accounted for by lake nature use. Fishing increased by 1.3 times compared to 2018. In 2019, 2087 tons of fish of both indigenous and introduced fish species were caught, which amounted to only 45% of the recommended quotes at the region’s lakes. The main part is accounted for by such aboriginal species as crucian (Carassius gibelio, 895.5 tons per year), and peled (Coregonus peled, 1999.4 tons per year). In addition to fish resources, the region lakes are sources of non-fish aquatic biological resources — invertebrate limnobionts. The main species are Gammarus lacustris (Amphipoda) and Artemia salina parthenogenetica (Branchiopoda).