The effects of ultraviolet light and cholecalciferol and its metabolites on the development of leg abnormalities in chickens genetically selected for a high and low incidence of tibial dyschondroplasia

Abstract

Four experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of ultraviolet (UV) light exposure and several cholecalciferol metabolites on the development of tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) and other parameters associated with vitamin D metabolism in chickens selected for high (HTD) and low (LTD) incidence of TD. In Experiment 1, exposure of chickens to UV light reduced the incidence and severity of TD more in LTD chickens than in HTD chickens, as evident by the significant interactions (P < 0.10 and 0.04). In Experiment 2, the addition of cholecalciferol to diets that were deficient in cholecalciferol linearly decreased the incidence of vitamin D rickets and increased bone ash, but increased the incidence of severe TD. The LTD chickens had a higher maximal bone ash of 40.0 +/- 0.7% than did the HTD chickens, which had a maximal bone ash of 37.0 +/- 0.7%. In Experiment 3, the addition of 5 micrograms/kg of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol [25-(OH)D3], 1-alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol, or 1,25- dihydroxycholecalciferol decreased the incidence and severity of TD in the LTD chickens and had no effect on TD in HTD chickens. In Experiment 4, increasing dietary 25-(OH)D3 increased plasma 25-(OH)D3 levels in both lines, but HTD chickens had higher plasma 25-(OH)D3 levels at 20 and 40 micrograms/kg of dietary 25-(OH)D3. The incidence and severity of TD were reduced in the LTD chickens by dietary 25-(OH)D3, but little effect was noted in HTD chickens. The LTD chickens reached a maximal bone ash at 9.7 +/- 1.9 micrograms/kg and HTD chickens reached the same bone ash at 33.0 +/- 7.0 micrograms/kg. These results indicate that UV light and vitamin D metabolites are not effective in preventing TD in HTD chickens, but that altered vitamin D metabolism does exist between HTD and LTD chickens.