Abstract
Objective: To evaluate and compare the surface roughness and gloss of a DMA-free composite and Bis-GMA-free composite with a DMA-based composite before and after toothbrushing simulation. Materials and Methods: Fifteen dimensionally standardised composite specimens of three nano-hybrid resin composites (Tetric EvoCeram, Admira Fusion, and Venus Diamond) were used. Five specimens from each composite were polished and then subjected to a toothbrushing simulator. Surface roughness (Ra) and gloss were measured before toothbrushing and after 5000, 10,000, 15,000, and 20,000 toothbrushing cycles. The data was analysed using 5 × 3 ANOVA to assess surface roughness and gloss values and pairwise comparisons in the form of Tukey post hoc tests were performed to interpret main effects. Results: For all tested materials, surface roughness increased, and gloss decreased after toothbrushing abrasion. Surface roughness (Ra) values ranged from 0.14 to 0.22 μm at baseline and increased to between 0.41 and 0.49 μm after 20,000 toothbrushing cycles. Gloss values ranged between 31.9 and 50.6 GU at baseline and between 5.1 and 19.5 GU after 20,000 toothbrushing cycles. The lowest initial Ra value was detected in Venus Diamond and the highest initial gloss value was detected in Tetric EvoCeram. Conclusions: Simulated toothbrushing abrasion led to an increase in surface roughness and a decrease in gloss for all tested materials. Venus Diamond had the smoothest surface and Tetric EvoCeram had the glossiest surface after polishing and following 20,000 cycles of toothbrushing abrasion. Admira Fusion demonstrated the roughest surface and had the lowest gloss values before and after toothbrushing abrasion.
Highlights
Resin composites are the natural choice of restorative material for most dentists due to their aesthetic and mechanical properties [1]
O’Neill et al, [9]
This is clinically relevant, as VED showed similar behaviour with no significant decrease in gloss values following the removal of the polished layer by toothbrushing. This was not constant, and progressive reduction in gloss values was seen following increased toothbrushing abrasion. These findings suggest that Tetric EvoCeram (TEC) and VED become less glossy over time, and their gloss was negatively affected by increasing the number of toothbrushing cycles
Summary
Resin composites are the natural choice of restorative material for most dentists due to their aesthetic and mechanical properties [1]. Advances in formulations and technology have increased their use. Resin composite materials are available with different matrix formulations and different filler types that influence both their handling characteristics and physical properties [2,3]. One of the most important features to consider when selecting a resin composite is surface characteristics, such as surface roughness and gloss. The surface texture of dental materials has a significant effect on plaque accumulation, discoloration, wear, and appearance of direct and indirect restorations [4]. A smooth surface increases patient comfort as any change in surface roughness between 0.30 μm and 0.50 μm can be detected by the tip of the tongue [5]
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