Abstract
Thermomechanical processing can be used effectively to manipulate the crystallography of grain boundaries in metals and alloys. Several examples are quoted here accompanied by an elucidation of the factors which influence the grain boundary network geometry. Twinning is the principal means of introducing improved boundaries into the microstructure, and this paper examines the reasons for this and proposes a model for the proliferation of 23 boundaries, as distinct from Σ3 twins, in the microstructure. It is concluded that the relative specialness of boundaries adjoining coherent twins, rather than the absolute specialness, is the critical factor.
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