The Effects of Natural Biofilms on the Reattachment of Young Adult Zebra Mussels to Artificial Substrata

Abstract

This laboratory study examined the effects of natural biofilms on the reattachment of young adult zebra mussels, Dreissena polymorpha, in Petri dishes. Natural biofilms were developed in glass and polystyrene Petri dishes using water samples collected at various times of the year. Biofilms were developed over 1, 3, 8, and 14 d. Controls were clean glass and polystyrene Petri dishes. Zebra mussels collected from the field ( ⩽ 10 mm, ventral length) were placed in the dishes and their reattachment by byssal threads was recorded after 1 d. Zebra mussels reattached to the dish surface or the shells of other mussels in the dish, or remained unattached. The data indicate that reattachment to clean glass was greater than to clean polystyrene (p ⩽ 0.05, ANOVA), but there were no consistent differences between reattachment to filmed polystyrene and filmed glass dish surfaces. Zebra mussels in control and filmed glass dishes reattached in higher percentages to the dish surface compared to the shells of other mussels (p ⩽ 0.05, ANOVA). There was no difference in mussel of reattachment between the dish surface and the shells of other mussels in most control polystyrene dishes (p > 0.05, ANOVA), whereas in filmed polystyrene the percentage of reattachment to the dish surface was greater than to the shells of other mussels (p ⩽ 0.05, ANOVA). These results indicate that substratum wettability and the presence of biofilms on some types of substrata can be factors in the reattachment of young adult zebra mussels.