Abstract
This study analyzes the effects of Lombard speech on vowel formant frequencies. Ten male native German speakers were selected from the “Pool 2010” corpus, which was recorded at the Bundeskriminalamt, Germany. Spontaneous speech produced in a neutral setting and Lombard setting, where 80 dB of noise was played through headphones, was analyzed. Measurements of F1, F2, and F3 were collected from 10 vowel categories for every speaker in both conditions. The results agree with previous findings in that F1 is consistently higher in the Lombard condition. The effect on F2 is very variable and complex. F3 was less affected than F1 and F2, but changes were present, especially for speakers with low F3’s in modal speech. Differences could be observed among vowel categories. Inter-speaker variability was found to be large with respect to the size of increase in F1 and the direction and size of change in F2. The findings are discussed in light of the articulatory changes that have been associated with Lombard speech, and the implications for forensic speaker comparison are spelled out.
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