The effects of lead on δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity, growth, hemoglobin content, and reproduction in Daphnia magna

Abstract

The effects of continuous exposure to lead for various periods and recovery in clean water on δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALA-D) activity, hemoglobin content, growth, and reproduction were studied in Daphnia magna. Steady-state inhibition of ALA-D activity was reached within 2 days in 16, 64, and 256 μg Pb liter −1, but restoration in clean water was prolonged in relation to previous exposure. In spite of the inhibition of ALA-D activity hemoglobin content increased after 2 days in 16 and 24 μg Pb liter −1. Furthermore, hemoglobin content in previously exposed animals increased during recovery in clean water. Maximum hemoglobin content (2.9 times control value) was found after 2 days recovery of animals exposed to 64 μg Pb liter −1. These findings suggest that some enzyme(s) other than ALA-D in the biosynthetic pathway of hemoglobin formation is (are) more sensitive to lead. Growth, in contrast to reproduction, was stimulated by low concentrations of lead (<64 μg Pb liter −1), although in 256 μg Pb liter −1 growth was also significantly impaired. After 19 days the 16 and 50% reproductive impairment concentrations were ⩽1 and 10 μg Pb liter −1, respectively.