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Abstract
ObjectiveAnti-inflammatory cytokines play a crucial role in periodontitis by inhibiting synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of interleukin-10 (-597) gene polymorphism and genotype distributions on chronic periodontitis (CP) development and IL-6 and IL-10 levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and serum before and after non-surgical periodontal treatment.Material and MethodsThe study population consisted of 55 severe generalized CP patients as CP group and 50 healthy individuals as control group. Plaque index, gingival index, probing depth and clinical attachment level were recorded and GCF and blood samples were taken at both the baseline and the sixth week after non-surgical periodontal treatment. PCR-RFLP procedure was used for gene analyses and cytokine levels were measured via ELISA.ResultsIL-10 genotype distribution was significantly different between CP and control groups (p=0.000, OR:7, 95%CI, 2.83-60.25). Clinical measurements significantly improved in the CP group after periodontal treatment (p<0.05). Periodontal treatment significantly decreased GCF IL-6 and IL-10 levels. No significant difference was found in clinical parameters between IL-10 AA and AC+CC genotypes at both the baseline and the sixth week (p>0.05). Sixth week GCF IL-10 levels were significantly lower in patients carrying IL-10 AC+CC genotype compared to the patients carrying IL-10 AA genotype (p<0.05). Serum IL-6 and IL-10 levels were lower in patients carrying the IL-10 AA genotype compared to patients with IL-10 AC+CC genotype, but the difference was not significant (p>0.05).ConclusionIL-10 AA genotype carriers had lower IL-6 and IL-6/10 levels in serum; however, GCF IL-6/10 levels were similar in both genotypes. Within the limitations of our study, a possible association between IL-10(-597) gene polymorphism and CP might be considered.
Highlights
Chronic periodontitis (CP) is the inflammatory and infectious disease of the soft and hard tissues around teeth
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of interleukin-10 (-597) gene polymorphism and genotype distributions on chronic periodontitis (CP) development and IL-6 and IL-10 levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and serum before and after non-surgical periodontal treatment
We reported that IL-6 (-174) GG genotype caused an increase in GCF IL-10 levels without affecting periodontal treatment outcomes and we found that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in IL-6 (-174) and IL-10 (-597) were associated with generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP)[18]
Summary
Chronic periodontitis (CP) is the inflammatory and infectious disease of the soft and hard tissues around teeth. Cytokines are the most important candidates for involvement of gene polymorphisms in CP development; possible associations between CP and certain gene polymorphisms were suggested[7]. Gene polymorphisms might have a deterministic importance in disease outcome. One of the most important factors responsible for periodontal destruction is the upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), as one of these pro-inflammatory cytokines, was reported to be an effective stimulator of osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption[21]. Anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10 can restore balance by inhibiting synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, TNF-alpha) and stimulating protective antibody production[20,26]. For this reason, IL-10 gene polymorphism might contribute to periodontitis development
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