Evaluation of Interleukin 1βLevels in Gingival Crevicular Fluid and Serum of Patients with Gingivitis and Chronic Periodontitis

Abstract

Background: Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is one of the most important cytokines which seems to have an important role in the inflammatory process in periodontal tissue and it has been correlated with periodontal diseases . The present study is aimed to evaluate the levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in gingival crevicular fluid and Serum of patients with gingivitis and chronic periodontitis and to explore whether the effect of IL-1 β is due to its local production. Subjects and method: Ninety males were enrolled in the present study . They were divided in to three main groups (50 ) patients have chronic periodontitis(CP) ,(25) gingivitis and (15) healthy control with an age ranging from (35-55 ) years. The Chronic periodontitis patients were subdivided into 2 subgroups according to their mean of pocket depth : subgroup I (PPD 4-6 mm ) and subgroup II ( PPD≥ 6 mm). Plaque index ,gingival index ,bleeding on probing and probing pocket depth were recorded for all the subject. The gingival crevicular fluid was collected from each subject by using paper point (size 30) which was inserted into the gingival crevice and kept in place for 30 seconds. The fluid volume was determined by using a Periotron (Harco 6000 ). Serum samples were collected by using (Serum Separating Tubes).The concentration of interleukin -1β in gingival crevicular fluid and serum was quantified by a high-sensitivity enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Results :The mean concentration of crevicular interleukin 1β (pg/µl) was higher in Chronic periodontitis group ( 275.61±60.63) than in gingivitis group( 174.04±57.09) and in control group (72.96 ±27.82).In addition, the concentration of serum IL-1β (pg/µl) was found equal in chronic periodontitis group (193.74±88.14 ) and gingivitis group (193.44±33.37) while in control group it was (172.20±34.92). Moreover, all the clinical parameters were higher in subgroup II than in subgroup I. The descriptive statistics for serum and crevicular IL-1β concentration (pg/µl) was elevated in subgroup II in comparison with subgroup I.A high significant difference in the concentration of IL-1β in GCF compared to serum concentration in chronic periodontitis and control group P-value (0.000 and 0.001) respectively and between subgroups. while a significant difference found in Gingivitis group P-value (0.042). Conclusion: The findings of the present study indicated that the concentration of crevicular IL-1β was higher in Chronic periodontitis group than in gingivitis group and in control group and can be consider as monitor marker which give information about periodontal disease progression. The IL-1β level in serum was very low in comparison to its level in gingival crevicular fluid ,this difference may be due to that IL-1β is produce locally and acts on the local environment.