The effects of human parvovirus VP1 unique region in a mouse model of allergic asthma.

Shyh-Ren Chiang,Der-Yuan Chen,Bor-Show Tzang,Tsai-Ching Hsu,Hui-Fang Tsai,Xin-Ci Lin,Chia-Yun Lin

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0216799

Abstract

Evidence has indicated that viral infection increases the risk of developing asthma. Although the association of human parvovirus B19 (B19V) or human bocavirus (HBoV) with respiratory diseases has been reported, little is known about the influence of the B19V-VP1u and HBoV-VP1u proteins on the symptoms of asthma. Herein, we investigated the systemic influence of subcutaneously injected B19V-VP1u and HBoV-VP1u recombinant proteins in an OVA-sensitized asthmatic mouse model. A significantly higher Penh ratio and IgE level were detected in the serum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and the supernatant of a lymphocyte culture from mice treated with HBoV-VP1u or B19V-VP1u than in a lymphocyte culture from OVA-sensitized mice. Significantly higher levels of serum and BALF IgE, total IgG, IgG1, OVA-specific IgE and OVA-specific IgG1 were detected in mice treated with HBoV-VP1u or B19V-VP1u than in OVA-sensitized mice. Conversely, a significantly lower IgG2a level was detected in mice from the HBoV-VP1u or B19V-VP1u groups than in mice from the OVA group. The mice treated with HBoV-VP1u or B19V-VP1u exhibited more significant lung inflammatory indices, including elevated serum and BALF IL-4, IL-5, IL-10 and IL-13 levels; BALF lymphocyte, neutrophil and eosinophil counts, MMP-9 and MMP-2 activity; and the amount of lymphocyte infiltration, relative to those in the control mice or in those sensitized with OVA. These findings demonstrate that the subcutaneous injection of HBoV-VP1u or B19V-VP1u proteins in OVA-sensitized mice result in elevated asthmatic indices and suggest that human parvoviruses may increase the risk of developing airway inflammation in a mouse model of asthma.

Highlights

Asthma is a chronic lung disease that inflames and narrows the airways of the lungs
Recombinant human bocavirus (HBoV)-VP1 unique (VP1u) and B19V-VP1u proteins were prepared as described in the Materials and Methods section
No secretory PLA2 (sPLA2) activity was detected in the B19V-VP2 or B19V-NS1 recombinant protein (Table 1)

Summary

Introduction

Asthma is a chronic lung disease that inflames and narrows the airways of the lungs. The major symptoms of asthma include coughing, shortness of breath, and chest tightness [1,2,3]. The causes of asthma are complex and involve interactions among multiple genetic and environmental factors. Extensive evidence has revealed that viral infection early in life could be a primary environmental risk factor for the development of asthma [4,5]. Many studies have indicated that viral infection could be a major trigger of wheezing in infants and of the exacerbation of asthma in older children [4,5]. Viral infections are detected in up to 85% of young patients with wheezing or asthma [6]

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion