Abstract
The present contribution is the first research reporting full penetration HLAW joints in 15 mm thick EH36 steel butt T-welds with square grooves on 2F welding position by single-sided welding. The effects of welding parameters were investigated to increase the quality of the joints. Conditions leading to defect-free full penetration welds fulfilling naval regulations includes a laser power of 12.5 kW, a welding speed of 1.6 m/min and the vertical laser offset distance from the flange of 1 mm. Advanced characterization of selected welds included a microstructural identification by optical microscopy, SEM, and XRD, revealing the presence of acicular, polygonal and Widmanstätten ferrite, lath martensite, and some retained austenite at FZ. Hardness and microhardness mapping tests showed values of 155 HV at base metal and 200 to 380 HV at the fusion zone connecting the web to the flange.
Highlights
IntroductionHybrid Laser Arc Welding (HLAW) is an attractive joining method used as a single pass welding technique covering a wide range of thicknesses, with plates of up to 35 mm [1,2,3,4]
All macrographs had a typical high aspect ratio configuration with a greater volume of weld metal on the face side of the T-joint compared to the root side. This first part of the research carried out on single-sided T-joint welding analyses the influence of some experimental variables, such as laser power, welding speed, heat input, and the laser beam offset “b”
Other imperfections appeared in this A sample, such as: lack of fusion, asymmetric shape of the root with a higher percentage of material attached to the flange, as well as slight undercuts both in the connection with the flange as with the web
Summary
Hybrid Laser Arc Welding (HLAW) is an attractive joining method used as a single pass welding technique covering a wide range of thicknesses, with plates of up to 35 mm [1,2,3,4]. It provides good quality joints, minimal thermal distortions and improved productivity in comparison with conventional arc welding. HLAW uses high energy processes to ensure a great penetration depth and high welding speeds, which is achieved thanks to the combination of laser and electric arc welding processes [5,6]
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