Abstract
Primary energy has become a vital part of society—from mobility, heating, and cooling to refrigeration to preserve food as well as for simple communication methods, such as texting. As such, pollution and environmental concerns regarding the impact of human activities have become mainstream and efforts have been made to reduce solid wastes as well as CO2 and greenhouse gas emissions. Renewable energy is almost synonymous with environmentally friendly. While energy conversion from fossil fuels and natural gases is responsible for most of the pollution (CO2, NOx, SO2, particulate matter (PM), etc.) in modern society, these processes also generated 86% of global primary energy in 2019. Furthermore, as humans become more dependent on energy, power demands will only increase with time. Material hunger represents another little perceived dependency of human prosperity. The longevity of products and goods is crucial to limit CO2eq emissions associated with material streams. This paper will focus on two relationships: that of CO2 and friction, and that of sustainability and wear protection.
Highlights
Societal discussions mainly consider the consumption of fuels and its estimated impact on CO2 emissions
Energy and cost savings will allow focus ontousing improvements in near-future other sectorstechnolinstead based on possible reductions in friction and wear current and of the resources being to waste; CO2onto emissions will greatly help the climate ogies
The consequences of human activities of total primary energy consumption and the embedded CO2 emissions in the consumption of materials/resources are interwoven through CO2 emissions
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. A complete overhaul of the current energy system for a renewable alternative is extremely costly, but methods such as government subsidies can increase the incentive for populations to install solar panels While these topics are important, the focus of this paper is to discuss the potential improvements that can be made in the petroleum and natural gas industry. Societal discussions mainly consider the consumption of fuels and its estimated impact on CO2 emissions. Humanity as consumers, NGOs, policy makers and industry are not aware of the total annual consumption of resources, but are unaware of societal stocks! Material efficiency and conservation of resources are hidden and high-priority topics Another aspect of material streams is embedded CO2eq emissions
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