Abstract
Background: Diving as an occupation has its specific health problems. Respiratory system is one of the systems that can be affected by environmental changes associated with diving as increased hydrostatic pressure, increased breathing gas density, and increased partial pressure of gases e.g. oxygen and carbon dioxide. Aim: To determine the effects of diving on pulmonary function and the extent of this problem among Iraqi divers. Subjects & Methods: One hundred and twenty divers with 240 non-divers military personnel were interviewed according to special questionnaire and spirometry was performed for each of them. Results: The values of all studied pulmonary function tests were found to be lower in divers as compared with non-divers (FEV1, FVC, FEV1%, F50, F25, MVV, and MEF) with highly significant differences, except FET which was significantly higher in divers than in non-divers. These changes gave the features of obstructive airway disease. Conclusions: Divers are at risk of some pulmonary function changes. The pattern of these changes is consistent with small airways obstruction and they could be related mostly to their diving activities. Other factors cannot be excluded. Further studies on such occupational group are recommended.
Highlights
Respiratory system is affected by changes in environmental conditions experienced in diving
The values of FEV1, forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1%, PEF, F25, F50, mid expiratory flow rate (MEF), and MVV were significantly lower in divers compared to non-divers
Since smoking is well known to affect the respiratory system leading to chronic obstructive airway disease[15], the relation of pulmonary function to smoking and diving was studied to exclude or confirm possible variation in pulmonary function between divers and non-divers that could be attributed to difference in smoking habit
Summary
Respiratory system is affected by changes in environmental conditions experienced in diving. Respiratory system is one of the systems that can be affected by environmental changes associated with diving as increased hydrostatic pressure, increased breathing gas density, and increased partial pressure of gases e.g. oxygen and carbon dioxide. Results: The values of all studied pulmonary function tests were found to be lower in divers as compared with non-divers (FEV1, FVC, FEV1%, F50, F25, MVV, and MEF) with highly significant differences, except FET which was significantly higher in divers than in non-divers. These changes gave the features of obstructive airway disease.
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