Abstract
Metabolic syndrome, a complex group of metabolic disorders of energy use and storage, is considered as an important determinant risk factor for many cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to examine the association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and dietary pattern among adults in Jiangsu Province of China. Data were from three rounds of cross–sectional nutrition and diet investigation projects in Jiangsu Province of China, which were conducted in 2002, 2007, and 2014 by Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention. A total of 13,944 participants with complete food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) were eventually included in this study after further data screening. The 2009 Joint Interim Statement for China was used to define metabolic syndrome. Three distinct dietary patterns were identified by factor analysis: the modern dietary pattern (rich in pork, poultry, vegetables, seafood, pastry food, other animal meats, fruits, milk and its products, soft drink, whole grains, nuts, and seeds, but low in wheat), vegetable oils/condiments/soy products dietary pattern (rich in vegetable oils, other condiments, salt, soy products, and fruits and low in dry legumes), and modern high–wheat dietary pattern (rich in wheat, tubers, fruits, and other animal meats, but low in rice). Higher intake of the modern dietary pattern and modern high–wheat dietary pattern were positively associated with metabolic syndrome in both unadjusted and adjusted models by genders, whereas higher intake of the vegetable oils/condiments/soy products dietary pattern had a negative relationship with metabolic syndrome in both unadjusted and adjusted models by genders (p < 0.05). Our study recommends reducing the consumption of animal meat products, especially processed meat products, and replacing animal oils with vegetable oils as the main supply of daily oils. Furthermore, more prospective and experimental studies are needed to confirm the relationship between dietary patterns and metabolic syndrome.
Highlights
IntroductionMetabolic syndrome (MetS), known as “Syndrome X” and “Insulin Resistance
In a systematic review and meta–analysis, the results have shown that higher intake of dairy products significantly reduces the risk of metabolic syndrome by 17% in cross–sectional studies and by 14% in cohort studies [45]
Three dietary patterns were obtained through factor analysis in both males and females in Jiangsu Province of China: the modern dietary pattern, the vegetable oils/condiments/soy products dietary pattern, and the modern high–wheat dietary pattern
Summary
Metabolic syndrome (MetS), known as “Syndrome X” and “Insulin Resistance. Syndrome”, is a complex group of metabolic disorders of energy use and storage [1]. This syndrome, characterized by centripetal obesity, dyslipidemia, increased blood pressure, and elevated blood glucose levels, is one of the most serious non–communicable chronic diseases and increases the risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD) [2,3,4]. Regardless of the diagnostic criteria used, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome increases year on year worldwide. From 2011 to 2016, the overall prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the United States was 34.7% (95% CI, 33.1–34.3%), and the prevalence was not significantly different among men and women
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