Dietary Patterns and Changes in Weight Status Among Chinese Men and Women During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Xiaoyue Xu,Zumin Shi,Youfa Wang,Alice F Yan

doi:10.3389/fpubh.2021.709535

Abstract

Aims: To identify dietary patterns during the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and to examine their association with changes in weight status in the Chinese population.Methods: The 2020 China COVID-19 cross-sectional survey is an anonymous 74-item survey administered via social media across 31 provinces in mainland China between April and May 2020. Dietary data were assessed by a Food Frequency Questionnaire and the changes in weight status were self-reported. Exploratory factor analysis using the principal component analysis method was applied to identify dietary patterns. The multinomial regression models were conducted, and forest plots were used to present the associations between dietary patterns and changes in weight status.Results: Of a total of 10,545 adults (aged ≥18 years), more than half of participants reported to have weight gain, with 18.6% of men and 16.3% of women having weight gain >2.5 kg. Approximately 8% of participants reported to have weight loss, with 2.1% of men and 2.5% women having weight loss >2.5 kg. Two dietary patterns, namely, the modern and prudent dietary patterns, were identified during the COVID-19 pandemic. The modern dietary pattern was loaded heavily with soft drinks, fried foods, pickles, and inversely with fresh vegetables. The prudent dietary pattern was characterized by high intake of fresh fruits, vegetables, and inversely with soft drinks and fried food. The modern dietary pattern was positively associated with weight gain in men and women, while the prudent dietary pattern was negatively associated with both weight gain and loss in men and women during the COVID-19 pandemic.Conclusion: Dietary patterns during COVID-19 are significantly associated with the changes in weight status, which may subsequently increase the risk of diet-related non-communicable disease among the Chinese population.

Highlights

Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic induced by a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) that has posed a public emergency of international concern (1, 2)
We selected this platform because the nation was under quarantine and we could only reach respondents online, and because WeChat is leading social network of China, with more than 1 billion users, and the majority of Chinese adults use WeChat daily
Two dietary patterns were obtained by using a factor analysis (Figure 1), namely, the modern and prudent dietary patterns

Summary

Introduction

Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic induced by a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) that has posed a public emergency of international concern (1, 2). As stated by the WHO on May 6, 2021, there have been over 154 million COVID-19 cases and 3 million deaths globally. The cumulative COVID-19 cases in China are 103,731 with 4,858 deaths (3). To control the spread of COVID-19, China implemented vigorous measures of containment, mitigation, and suppression, such as travel restrictions, closing schools, and implementing remote work, in the city of Wuhan (4). These measures have effectively controlled the spread of COVID-19, they have substantially changed daily lives of peoples (5)

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Conclusion