The effects of depression and age on the Horne-Ostberg morningness-eveningness score

Abstract

Effects of depression and age on the Horne-Ostberg morningness-eveningness scale in human volunteers were assessed. Thirty-nine healthy outpatients with current DSM-IIIR depression, free of recent substance abuse or confounding medications, were compared to 39 age-and sex-matched controls. Patients reported greater ‘eveningness’ than controls ( P = 0.014, Wilcoxon signed-ranks test). There was multimodality in the distribution of Horne-Ostberg scale scores in the depressed group, but a normal distribution in controls. Pearson's correlation of age vs. Horne-Ostberg score was positive ( r = 0.42-0.55). Depression and age influence the Horne-Ostberg score. Potential multimodality of circadian phase in the depressed group deserves further study.