Abstract
In the present work, different concentrations of Cu ion (1, 2, 5 and 10 wt %) were doped in the TiO2 film by a sol-gel method and dip coating process. The morphology of the Cu-doped TiO2 films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the results showed that the doped Cu made no change to the TiO2 films. The nitric oxide (NO) release experiment showed that these Cu-doped surfaces showed the ability of catalytic decomposition of exogenous donor S-nitroso-N-acetyl-penicillamine (SNAP) to generate (NO). Based on fluorescence analysis and CCK-8 quantitative results, such films had the ability to inhibit smooth muscle cells adhesion, proliferation and migration with SNAP in vitro. The macrophage adhesion assay and anti-bacterial test proved that such Cu-doped TiO2 films also possessed anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial abilities. All the abilities above showed positive correlation with the amounts of the doped Cu. This study suggested that the Cu-doped TiO2 films were capable of generating physiological levels of NO in the presence of endogenous donor S-nitrosothiols (RSNO), endowing the TiO2 films with anti-hyperplasia, anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial abilities.
Highlights
The principal requirement for cardiovascular implanted materials is biocompatibility, and a genuinely biocompatible cardiovascular implanted material should perform its functions with good anti-coagulation, anti-hyperplasia and anti-inflammation abilities, simultaneously [1,2]
Restenosis is caused by the proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in the vessel wall in response to acute vessel wall injury induced by angioplasty [8]
The AFM results suggested that a little amount of Cu doped in the TiO2 could not remarkably change its morphology and roughness, while a large quantity of Cu doped in the TiO2 could significantly increase its roughness and change its morphology
Summary
The principal requirement for cardiovascular implanted materials is biocompatibility, and a genuinely biocompatible cardiovascular implanted material should perform its functions with good anti-coagulation, anti-hyperplasia and anti-inflammation abilities, simultaneously [1,2]. The results from certain recent meta analyses indicate that drug-eluting coatings result in the subsequent serious complication of late angiographic stent thrombosis (LAST), suggesting insufficient function in inhibiting the excessive proliferation and migration of the VSMCs [11,12]. Several studies have demonstrated that the TiO2 film possesses excellent blood compatibility and cell compatibility while its anti-hyperplasia and anti-inflammation functions need further improvement [23,24]. TiO2 films doped with Cu have been suggested to have better blood and cell compatibility, and anti-hyperplasia and anti-inflammation functions, simultaneously. The influences of Cu addition and concentrations on the surface morphology were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the anti-hyperplasia, anti-inflammation and anti-bacterial functions of the films were investigated, respectively
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