The effects of Crocin from red saffron flower on the innate and humoral immune systems of domestic short hair cats

Abstract

Crocin, the primary active component of the red saffron flower (Crocus sativus), possesses a variety of biological and antioxidant properties. This study aimed to evaluate its effects on the immune system of domestic short hair (DSH) cats compared to the immunosuppressive drug cyclosporine. A total of 32 cats were divided into four groups: G1) received crocin at a dosage of 10 mg/kg body weight, G2) received cyclosporine at 7 mg/kg body weight for two weeks, followed by crocin for an additional two weeks, G3) received only cyclosporine for 30 days, and G4) served as the control group. Blood samples were collected every ten days to monitor changes in immune parameters. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences (p<0.05) in the concentrations of immunoglobulin A (IgA), IgG, IgM, and neutrophil counts among the treatment and control groups. However, there were no significant changes observed in lymphocyte and monocyte counts, or the percentage of phagocytes. In the group receiving crocin, a significant increase in immunoglobulin M was observed between days 0 to 10, and from days 20 to 30, indicating a continued enhancement of the immune response. Immunoglobulin G levels remained stable until day 20, after which a significant increasing trend was observed, alongside notable differences between the groups throughout the study period. Furthermore, immunoglobulin M levels in all groups showed significant changes with the saffron group starting from day 20 onward, indicating a consistent upward trend. In conclusion, the findings suggest that the incorporation of saffron significantly enhances the humoral immune response in cats, specifically through increased levels of immunoglobulin A, G, and M. However, saffron did not demonstrate a notable effect on the innate immune system, as indicated by unchanged lymphocyte and monocyte counts. Based on these results, the use of saffron in veterinary medicine and the food industry is recommended for its potential immunomodulatory effects.