The effects of chemical treatment parameters on the yield of bamboo fibers extracted

School Of Civil Engineering, College Of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Mara, 40450, Selangor ,Nur Ilya Farhana Md Noh,Umar Hazim Muhd Fauzi,School Of Chemical Engineering, College Of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Mara ,Suffiyana Akhbar,School Of Chemical Engineering, College Of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Mara ,Zakiah Ahmad,School Of Civil Engineering, College Of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Mara, 40450, Selangor ,Rahida Wati Sharudin,School Of Chemical Engineering, College Of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Mara ,Sajith Thottathil Abdulrahman,Department Of Mechanical Engineering, Kmea Engineering College ,Bijesh Paul,Department Of Mechanical Engineering, Kmea Engineering College

doi:10.24191/jscet.v3i2.34-42

Abstract

Nitric Acid and Hydrogen Peroxide (NCHP) treatment offers an efficient method for extracting lignocellulosic fibers from bamboo in a single bath. This procedure effectively removes lignin and hemicellulose, facilitating the separation of bamboo fibers while gradually breaking down inter-microfibrils and interlamellar layers in the cell wall. This study focuses on assessing the yield of lignocellulosic fibers extracted under various chemical treatment parameters and characterizing these fibers. Utilizing crushed and air-dried bamboo as raw material, cellulose, lignin, and hemicellulose content was analyzed. Characterization involved Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy, providing insights into the chemical properties of the extracted lignocellulosic fibers. The FTIR spectra revealed the preservation and reinforcement of cellulose functional groups, confirming the effectiveness of the NCHP treatment. Control over treatment yield was achieved by manipulating temperature, concentration, and time. Optimal conditions were identified: 3.2 mol/L nitric acid, 60 mmol/g hydrogen peroxide, 50°C, and 72 hours, resulting in a maximum fiber yield of 76%. The findings indicate that higher temperatures, prolonged treatment times, and appropriate concentrations significantly enhance fiber extraction. Specifically, the optimal conditions led to an improved yield and better preservation of cellulose content compared to untreated bamboo. The study demonstrates that the NCHP treatment is a robust and effective method for producing high-quality lignocellulosic fibers from bamboo, with potential applications in sustainable materials. In conclusion, the NCHP treatment provides a scalable and efficient approach to extracting lignocellulosic fibers, offering significant improvements in yield and chemical composition. This process has promising implications for industrial applications, particularly in the development of sustainable materials and biocomposites

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