Abstract
Background. We investigated the effects of Brazilian green propolis and its constituents against white light- or UVA-induced cell damage in mouse retinal cone-cell line 661W or human skin-derived fibroblast cells (NB1-RGB). Methods. Cell damage was induced by 3,000lx white light for 24 h or 4/10 J/cm2 UVA exposure. Cell viability was assessed by Hoechst33342 and propidium iodide staining or by tetrazolium salt (WST-8) cell viability assay. The radical scavenging activity of propolis induced by UVA irradiation in NB1-RGB cells was measured using a reactive-oxygen-species- (ROS-) sensitive probe CM-H2DCFDA. Moreover, the effects of propolis on the UVA-induced activation of p38 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) were examined by immunoblotting. Results. Treatment with propolis and two dicaffeoylquinic acids significantly inhibited the decrease in cell viability induced by white light in 661W. Propolis and its constituents inhibited the decrease in cell viability induced by UVA in NB1-RGB. Moreover, propolis suppressed the intracellular ROS production by UVA irradiation. Propolis also inhibited the levels of phosphorylated-p38 and ERK by UVA irradiation. Conclusion. Brazilian green propolis may become a major therapeutic candidate for the treatment of AMD and skin damage induced by UV irradiation.
Highlights
People are exposed to visible light or ultraviolet (UV) on a daily basis
In the white lightirradiated vehicle group, the cell viability was decreased to 30% of that of the control group
To investigate the mechanism by which propolis suppressed cell damage by UVA, we evaluated the activities of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKs), which are signals related to oxidative stress, stimulated by UVA irradiation in NB1-RGB cells using Western blotting
Summary
People are exposed to visible light or ultraviolet (UV) on a daily basis. When exposed excessively, they will experience serious effects in their eyes or skin. Oxidative damage to the skin, induced by several exogenous and endogenous factors, such as ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, tobacco smoke, infrared radiation, transition metal ions, and enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant impairment, has been acknowledged as a key factor of intrinsic and photoinduced skin aging. It induces actinic elastosis and skin cancer [1]. We investigated the effects of Brazilian green propolis and its constituents against white light- or UVA-induced cell damage in mouse retinal cone-cell line 661W or human skin-derived fibroblast cells (NB1-RGB). Brazilian green propolis may become a major therapeutic candidate for the treatment of AMD and skin damage induced by UV irradiation
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