Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) offering valuable anticipations for the treatment of degenerative diseases. They can be found in many tissues including amnion. MSCs from amnion (AM-MSCs) can differentiate into osteoblast similar to that of bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs). However, the ability is not much efficient compared to BM-MSCs. This study aimed to examine the effects of BMP-2 and miRNAs on osteogenic differentiation of AM-MSCs compared to those of BM-MSCs. The osteogenic differentiation capacity after miRNA treatment was assessed by ALP expression, ALP activity, and osteogenic marker gene expression. The results showed that the osteogenic differentiation capacity increased after BMP-2 treatment both in AM-MSCs and BM-MSCs. MiR-31, miR-106a, and miR-148a were downregulated during the osteogenic differentiation. After transfection with anti-miRNAs, ALP activity and osteogenic genes were increased over the time of differentiation. The data lead to the potential for using AM-MSCs as an alternative source for bone regeneration. Moreover, the information of miRNA expression and function during osteogenic differentiation may be useful for the development of new therapeutics or enhanced an in vitro culture technique required for stem cell-based therapies in the bone regeneration.
Highlights
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have increased an important potential in regenerative medicine due to their multipotential differentiation [1]
The results revealed that the inhibitions of each miRNAs, miR-31, miR106a, and miR-148a, and the inhibition using a combination of 3 anti-miRNAs enhanced the expression of Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) in both bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) and amniotic tissue-derived MSCs (AM-MSCs) compared to MSCs cultured in osteogenic differentiation medium without miRNA inhibitor and MSCs cultured in osteogenic differentiation medium with negative control miRNA (Figure 6(a))
Human MSCs are multipotent cells which presented in the bone marrow, adipose tissue, and postnatal tissues including amnion [17,18,19]
Summary
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have increased an important potential in regenerative medicine due to their multipotential differentiation [1]. MSCs can be isolated from many tissues including bone marrow, amnion, placenta, and umbilical cord [1,2,3]. A previous study reported the variation in differentiation potential, especially the osteogenic differentiation, of MSCs which were derived from different tissues [4]. A preliminary study showed that MSCs derived from amnion (AM-MSCs) could differentiate into osteoblast; the differentiation capacity is not steady. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), a powerful morphogens, could determine a lineage differentiation by activating specific transcriptional pathway [5]. BMP-2 has been described as a morphogen for bone regeneration [6, 7]. The benefit of BMP-2 for bone tissue regeneration has been extensively studied, mostly in bone marrowderived MSCs (BM-MSCs) [8,9,10,11]. The effect of BMP-2 for enhancing osteogenic differentiation ability of AM-MSCs is not completely studied
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