Abstract
1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) is applied as an inhibitor of ethylene action, which is widely used in postharvest technology to prolong the shelf life of many fruits. The aim of the study was to assess the possibility to apply 1-MCP treatment to maintain the quality of ‘Idared’ apples for long-distance transportation. The studied apples were assessed in three groups: (I) 1-MCP postharvest treatment; (II) 1-MCP postharvest treatment with Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP) selected gas permeability bags; and (III) control groups (with neither 1-MCP treatment, nor dedicated packaging). Apples were subjected to storage in the Ultra Low Oxygen (ULO) chamber that was applied for 0 weeks, 10 weeks and 20 weeks (three periods of storage); simulated long-distance transport (6 weeks); and simulated distribution, which was applied for 0 days, 5 days, 10 days, and 15 days (4 periods of distribution). The obtained 36 groups (three postharvest treatments per three periods of storage per four periods of distribution) were analyzed to assess firmness, total soluble solids (TSS) and titratable acidity (TA). There were differences between firmness values for control groups and those with 1-MCP applied, which were characterized by higher values of firmness (p < 0.05). Groups with 1-MCP and MAP applied combined were characterized by higher values of TSS than control groups (p < 0.05). The majority of groups with 1-MCP applied alone were characterized by higher values of TA than control groups (p < 0.05), but values for samples attributed to 1-MCP and MAP combined were not higher than for 1-MCP alone. It may be concluded that 1-MCP applied postharvest contributed to higher results of firmness and TA of ‘Idared’ apples after long-distance transportation, but combining 1-MCP with MAP did not contribute to further differences for TA. However, for TSS the observed influence was inconclusive. It may be stated that 1-MCP is a beneficial treatment for ‘Idared’ apples for long-distance transportation as it prolongs their shelf life and improves firmness.
Highlights
The intake of fruits, to intake of vegetables, has a positive effect on human health that was confirmed in a number of studies, indicating the possibility of weight maintenance or even loss [1], as well as the possibility of reducing the risk of metabolic syndrome [2], hypertension [3], and mental health problems [4]
For all the studied periods of storage and periods of distribution, there were statistically significant differences between firmness values for control groups and those of groups with 1-MCP applied, which were characterized by significantly higher values of firmness (p < 0.05)
While comparing groups with Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP) packaging applied and those with 1-MCP alone, the significant differences were observed only for samples without storage and without shelf life, as well as for samples with longest storage and longest shelf life (20 weeks of storage, 15 days of simulated distribution), as MAP contributed to higher values of firmness
Summary
The intake of fruits, to intake of vegetables, has a positive effect on human health that was confirmed in a number of studies, indicating the possibility of weight maintenance or even loss [1], as well as the possibility of reducing the risk of metabolic syndrome [2], hypertension [3], and mental health problems [4]. The daily intake of five servings of fruit and vegetables is recommended to obtain a positive effect on human health [5]. For increasing fruit intake, there are numerous challenges, including inadequate fruit production, climate variability problems, short shelf life, and consumer expectations [6]. Taking this into account, it is indicated that sustainable food systems addressing public health concerns should include increased intake of fruit [7], and proper fruit logistics [8] and fruit waste management [9]. The United Nations Sustainable Development Agenda presented an important aim to reduce food loss and waste by 50% by 2030, which may enable reducing the environmental impact of food systems [11]
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