THE EFFECTIVITY OF THE ETHANOL EXTRACT OF EGGPLANT (SOLANUM MELONGENA L.) PEELS AS ANTIMALARIAL TO MONOCYTE IN MICE (MUS MUSCULUS) INDUCED BY PLASMODIUM BERGHEI

Abstract

Malaria is a disease caused by Plasmodium that is transmitted to humans by the bite of the female Anopheles mosquito. Malaria can be treated with antimalarial drugs such as chloroquine and artemisinin, but in some endemic areas, it is reported that parasitic resistance to chloroquine was reported so that malaria eradication becomes increasingly difficult. The occurrence of this resistance causes the need for new antimalarial findings. Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) has many secondary metabolites, one of which is solanidine which is toxic to bacteria, fungi, viruses, and protozoa. Eggplant peel was extracted by maceration method using 70% ethanol. The analysis of secondary metabolites from the ethanol extract of eggplant peels used tube test and thin-layer chromatography. The level of parasitemia and the number of monocytes were calculated from blood smear of mice (Mus musculus) which were treated with extracts at a dose of 0.075 mg/20 g of body weight; 0.15 mg/20 of body weight; and 0.3 mg/20 g of body weight. 3.744 mg/20 g of body weight Dihydroartemisinin-Piperaquine (DHP) was used as positive control and distilled water was used as the negative control. Ethanol extract of the eggplant peels contains groups of alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, phenolic, and saponins. 0.075 mg/20 g body weight of ethanol extract of the eggplant peels effectively reduces parasitemia and 0.3 mg/20 g body weight of ethanol extract of the eggplant peels effectively increases the number of monocytes in mice. There is no correlation between an increase in the number of monocytes and a decrease in the level of parasitemia. Keywords: antimalarial, eggplant, monocyte, Plasmodium berghei, Solanum melongena L.