The Effectiveness of Sanitizer Treatments in Inactivation of Salmonella spp. from Bell Pepper, Cucumber, and Strawberry

Abstract

Four different postharvest treatments for removal of Salmonella from bell pepper and cucumber were examined, including washes with chlorinated water (HOCl; 200 ppm), acidified sodium chlorite (ASC; 1200 ppm), and peroxyacetic acid (PAA; 75 ppm), and treatment with gaseous chlorine dioxide (ClO 2 ; total 100 mg). Only ClO 2 gas was evaluated for decontamination of strawberries. Each produce was inoculated with approximately 1.0 x 10 7 colony-forming units (CFU) of a 5-serovar cocktail of Salmonella on artificially created wounds, smooth surfaces, and stem scar tissue. For tests involving smooth surface inoculation, ASC and PAA treatments decreased contamination to undetectable levels on bell pepper and cucumber, while the chlorine treatment of bell pepper reduced contamination by approximately 2-logs. For stem scar contamination on bell pepper, ASC and PAA treatments both showed >2-log unit reductions, and chlorine treatment showed a <1-log unit reduction. For puncture wounds on bell pepper, HOCl, ASC, and PAA treatments reduced bacterial levels approximately 2-, 3-, and 1-log units, respectively, indicating that HOCl and ASC were more effective than PAA. These aqueous treatments of cucumber with puncture wounds reduced bacterial levels approximately 1-, 2-, and 2-log units, respectively. ClO 2 treatment decreased counts to undetectable levels on all inoculation sites on cucumber and on strawberry smooth surfaces, but failed to completely eliminate Salmonella from bell pepper and from the stem scar and the puncture wounds of strawberry. ASC treatment of bell pepper and ClO 2 gas treatments of cucumber showed the best efficiency for inactivation of Salmonella. ClO 2 treatments effectively reduced Salmonella cells inoculated on the smooth surface and stem scar of strawberries compared with unsanitized control.