The Effectiveness of Salvadora persica Extracted Miswak and ZnO NPs on Pathogenic Bacteria

Abstract

Salvadora persica, (Miswak) deem oral hygiene essential biological and chemical activities. The current study aimed to study the biological activity of S. persica of extract using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) show that contains analysis of the FTIR test results of miswak extract. While the analysis using UV-vis displays that the extract contains analysis of UV-vis test for miswak extract. The extract shows higher activity against bacteria than fungi. The inhibition zone of Escherichia coli, Staphylococus aureus, and the ZnO nanoparticles show high biological activity against (bacteria and fungi). The chewing stick which is commonly known as the Miswak tree and its scientifi c name is S. persica L, occurs in most of the countries of Asia and Africa. The plant has long been prized in the Middle East for its vital biological and chemical properties and its usage in mouth hygiene, as mentioned in ethnobotanical records. This research aims to summarize this species’ biological eff ects (antibacterial and antifungal) by testing the eff ect of diff erent concentrations of extracted Miswak (aqueous extracts) in E. coli as gram-negative In addition to use diff erent measurement devices, FTIR, UV-vis spectroscopy, and gas chromatography (GC) to analyze the extracted Miswak. We found that S. persica has benefi cial therapeutic eff ects and has the potential to be used as a useful adapt genic herbal treatment based on its chemical and pharmacological characteristics.