Biosynthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using saccharomyces boulardii and study their biological activities

Abstract

Objective: Saccharomyces boulardii, a probiotic, is used in the current study’s manufacture of zinc oxide nanoparticles with the aim of assessing their biological activity. Due to its advantages over the chemical and physical techniques of synthesis in terms of affordability and environmental friendliness, the biological way of creating nanoparticles is becoming increasingly relevant. Methods: Zinc acetate was added at a dose necessary to biosynthesize ZnO NPs from S. boulardii’s cellfree supernatant (1 mM). Results: An evidence that S. bularedii was responsible for the reaction mixture’s color change from light to dark after 150 rpm of incubation was the color change and antibacterial behavior. Atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) all contributed to the completion of the characterisation (AFM). The spectra of the ZnO NPs produced in the reaction mixture using UV-visible spectroscopy were (343.75 nm). The XRD showed that ZnO NPs’ crystal size was (13.31 nm). The SEM was provided; the shape was uniform and spherical, and the average size (24.61 nm). EDS was used to analyze the presence of elemental ZnO NPs. ZnO NPs’ three-dimensional structure was seen using AFM, and their average diameter was (62.89 nm). The FTIR spectrum reveals a variety of functional groups that are present at various locations. Gram positive and gram negative bacteria that were isolated from diabetic foot infections were multidrug resistant (MDR), and biosynthesized ZnO NPs demonstrated antibacterial action against these bacteria. (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus mirabilis). All of the studied bacterial isolates showed the ability to produce biofilms in the form of nanoparticle-treated biofilms on microtiter plates. When pathogenic bacteria were treated with ZnO NPs, this ability was stopped and eliminated. The ZnO NPs (1 mg/ml, 0.5 mg/ml, 0.25 mg/ml, and 0.12 mg/ml) demonstrated their antioxidant ability in vitro by scavenging DPPH free radicals. The combination of DPPH and biogenic ZnONPs at concentration 1 mg/ml showed the highest inhibitory titer (73.79%).