The effectiveness of glucocorticoid hormones in the treatment of sensorineural disorders

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Topicality: Effective treatment of acute sensorineural hearing loss is still relevant due to the fact that the number of diseases accompanied with impaired sound perceptions great, and the treatment outcome is often far from the desire done. Many researchers have noted the positive effect of systemic glucocorticoids in the treatment of acute hearing loss. Adverse effect sin case of long-term systemic use of hormones, such as insomnia, gastric ulcer, impaired glucose tolerance, arterial hypertension, etc., limitations or contraindications to their administration in patients with severe concomitant pathology, the existence of a hemato-perilymphatic barrier, which prevents penetration of glucocorticoids in to the inner environment of the ear, promote the wider use of intratympanic administration of hormones. The purpose of this study was to evaluate treatment effectiveness following intratympanic administration of glucocorticoid hormones in patients with acute sensorineural hearing loss and exudative otitis media. Materials and methods: Analysis was performed to compare treatment outcomes of 92 patients (the main group) with acute sensorineural hearing loss who were administered hormones intratympanically, with the treatment outcomes of 315 patients (the control group) receiving conventional therapy. Treatment outcomes of 23 patients with acute otitis media with effusion accompanied with combined hearing loss with a pronounced sensorineural component were analyzed. Results and discussion: As a result of the treatment, a statistically significant improvement in hearing was obtained in the main group compared to the control group. Of the 23 patients with otitis media with effusion who received the treatment, hearing has restored to the norm in 19 people, and the rest showed an improvement. Thus, intratympanic administration of glucocorticoids increases treatment effectiveness in patients with acute sensorineural hearing loss and helps to restore disturbed sound perception in the treatment of patients with otitis media with effusion.