The effectiveness of a piezoelectric heterogeneous bimorph to perform mechanical work under various constant loading conditions

Abstract

Abstract A piezoelectric heterogeneous bimorph is configured as a cantilever beam, clamped at one end, and subjected to an applied voltage V and three mechanical boundary conditions at the free end: a mechanical moment M, a perpendicular force F, and a uniform body force p. A work cycle to transfer energy is assumed for the bimorph. The electrically and mechanically stored energies and the work performed by the bimorph against the load are calculated at different states of the work cycle. The stored energies and the performed mechanical work are related to the electrical energy taken in by the bimorph. The effectiveness λ for a constant load is defined as the ratio of the energy transferred by the bimorph to the energy put in by the generator. Optimal thickness ratio and elastic compliance ratio between the non-piezoelectric and piezoelectric materials for maximum effectiveness are presented.