Abstract
Objectives To investigate the effect of vitamin D3 level on the alignment of mandibular anterior teeth in adults and explore the associated root resorption and pain perception. Trial Design. Multicentre, double blinded randomized clinical trial. Subjects and Methods. Adult patients aged 18–30 years, with moderate mandibular incisor crowding [Little's Irregularity index (LII) 3–6 mm], needing nonextraction treatment with fixed orthodontic appliance, were randomly allocated into two groups with 1 : 1 allocation ratio. In the 1st group (normal vitamin D3 level group [ND3G]), vitamin D level was measured and corrected to normal before starting orthodontic treatment, while in the 2nd group [control group (CG)] the vitamin D level was kept unknown until completion of the alignment phase. Outcome measures included mandibular incisor crowding using LII, orthodontically induced root resorption (OIRR), and pain perception. Independent sample t-test was used to compare the duration of treatment, the effectiveness of alignment, and OIRR between groups, while differences in pain perception were analysed by Mann–Whitney U-test (P < 0.05). Results Out of 87 patients recruited from four centres, 33 patients were randomly allocated into two groups (17 patients to ND3G and 16 patients to CG). Time elapsed for the complete alignment of the mandibular incisor crowding was one month shorter in ND3G (23.532% faster), and the improvement percentage was significantly higher in all periods when compared to the CG. The amount of OIRR was not significantly different between groups; however, pain during the first three days of alignment was significantly less in ND3G. Conclusions Having optimal vitamin D3 level reduced the alignment time and pain associated with orthodontic treatment, but it had no role in reducing OIRR. Registration. The trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov on 12th April 2021 (registration number: NCT04837781).
Highlights
Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) occurs as a consequence of applying force due to the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone remodelling, as a result of local alterations in blood flow which stimulate the release of various inflammatory mediators [1]
In the first group (normal vitamin D3 level group (ND3G)), vitamin D3 level was measured before orthodontic intervention; if the level was below the normal value (30 ng/mL), the participants were referred to an endocrine specialist to optimize the level of vitamin D3 to normal before bonding of the appliance
Root resorption was evaluated before treatment (T0) and after 12 weeks (T3) for both groups by periapical radiograph using digital sensor (Nanopix 2, Eighteeth, Jiangsu, China), which was positioned by sensor holder for mandibular incisors, using a long cone paralleling technique with a 7 cm film-cone distance. e radiographic
Summary
To investigate the effect of vitamin D3 level on the alignment of mandibular anterior teeth in adults and explore the associated root resorption and pain perception. Adult patients aged 18–30 years, with moderate mandibular incisor crowding [Little’s Irregularity index (LII) 3–6 mm], needing nonextraction treatment with fixed orthodontic appliance, were randomly allocated into two groups with 1 : 1 allocation ratio. Outcome measures included mandibular incisor crowding using LII, orthodontically induced root resorption (OIRR), and pain perception. Independent sample t-test was used to compare the duration of treatment, the effectiveness of alignment, and OIRR between groups, while differences in pain perception were analysed by Mann–Whitney Utest (P < 0.05). Having optimal vitamin D3 level reduced the alignment time and pain associated with orthodontic treatment, but it had no role in reducing OIRR. E trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov on 12th April 2021 (registration number: NCT04837781) Registration. e trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov on 12th April 2021 (registration number: NCT04837781)
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