Abstract
The leaf of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis was used as explants and was cultured on MS and WPM media supplemented with various concentrations of NAA, IAA, 2,4-D, IBA, TDZ, and Kn (0 to 5 mg L−1 with 0.5 increment). After six months, the higher percentage of callus (100%) and the best dry and fresh weight of callus were formed on WPM medium supplemented with 2,4-D and NAA (2.0-3.0 mg L−1) and this amount was decreased from (84%) to (69%) when this media supplemented with Kinetin and TDZ (1 mg L−1) respectively were used. Leaf segments cultured on WPM media added with Kn (1 mg L−1) and TDZ (2 mg L−1) yielded the least amount of callus. It was found that WPM media added with IAA (4.5–5.0 mg L−1) were optimum for root induction from G. jasminoides plantlets. Antibacterial screening of leaf extracts (in vivo) showed no inhibitory effect against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, and B. cereus, in contrast to callus extracts from leaf cultures supplemented with NAA, which showed inhibition activity against E. coli and B. cereus. The callus extracts from leaf cultures grown on both MS and WPM media showed higher antioxidant and superoxide dismutase activities than leaf extracts.
Highlights
Gardenia jasminoides Ellis (Cape jasmine) belongs to Rubiaceae family and is native to the tropical and subtropical parts of Africa, Southern Asia, Australia, and Oceania
Initiation of callus was observed from the young leaf explants after three weeks of culture on the Murashige and Skoog (MS) and WPM medium supplemented with different plant growth regulators such as NAA and IAA
The greenish and yellowish callus observed on both media supplemented with TDZ and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) were similar to those reported by Eeckhaut et al [17] on this family
Summary
Gardenia jasminoides Ellis (Cape jasmine) belongs to Rubiaceae family and is native to the tropical and subtropical parts of Africa, Southern Asia, Australia, and Oceania. Gardenias are widely practiced as an ornamental flower in bouquets, as houseplants, and as outside plants. This plant is known as one of the most valuable plant species in traditional Chinese medicine and is considered highly effective as a haemostatic agent, drain fire, and is effective in treating injuries to the muscles, joints, and tendons [1]. The major components of Gardenia’s fruits are iridoid glycosides, which can be converted into blue and red pigments. These crocetin derivatives are known for their colouring properties and their particular water-soluble behavior, in contrast to most plant families of carotenoids [2]. Carotenoids are thought as the main contributors to the antioxidant content of a particular plant and have been proven to yield beneficial pharmacological effects, such as preventing cardiovascular diseases [3]
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