The effect of various additives on the microbiota of ruminant rumen and the course of metabolic processes in the rumen <i>in vitro</i> studies

Abstract

Relevance. In an in vitro study, changes in the taxonomic scar and the course of fermentation processes in response to the addition of various lipid additives to the ruminant diet were studied.Methods. Three samples were formed: control — without the addition of oil, the experimental ones were supplemented with sunflower oil (3%) (I) and soy (3%) (II). The object of the study is the scar content obtained from Kazakh white-headed bulls with chronic scar fistula (n = 3) by the Latin square method. Studies of the digestibility of SV were carried out using the incubator «ANKOM DaisyII» according to a specialized technique. Laboratory studies: the level of volatile fatty acids (VFA) in the contents of the scar was determined by gas chromatography on a gas chromatograph «Crystallux-4000M», determination of nitrogen forms according — to GOST 26180-84. Microbial biodiversity of the rumen contents was carried out using MiSeq («Illumina», USA) by the new generation sequencing method (NGS) with a set of reagents MiSeq® Reagent Kit v3 (600 cycle).Results. The addition of oils had a stimulating effect on the digestibility of SV feed in the rumen, increasing this indicator by 2.7%. Compared with the control, the addition of oil reduced the concentration of total and protein nitrogen in the scar content, while the content of non-protein nitrogen increased (by 5.4%) when using sunflower and (by 7.8%) soybean oil. The additional inclusion of oils showed an increase in the level of acetic and butyric acids, respectively: in the group using sunflower oil — by 46.8% and 55.6%, in the group with soybean oil — by 51.5% and 60.5% relative to the control. The additional inclusion of sunflower oil in the diet showed a change in the number of microorganisms in the RYE, but the qualitative composition of the microbiota relative to the control group did not change significantly.