Abstract
Aim:The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of different vegetable oils on rumen fermentation and concentrations of beneficial cis-9 trans-11 C18:2 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and trans-11 C18:1 fatty acid (FA) in the rumen fluid in an in vitro condition.Materials and Methods:Six vegetable oils including sunflower, soybean, sesame, rice bran, groundnut, and mustard oils were used at three dose levels (0%, 3% and 4% of substrate dry matter [DM] basis) in three replicates for each treatment in a completely randomized design using 6 × 3 factorial arrangement. Rumen fluid for microbial culture was collected from four goats fed on a diet of concentrate mixture and berseem hay at a ratio of 60:40 on DM basis. The in vitro fermentation was performed in 100 ml conical flakes containing 50 ml of culture media and 0.5 g of substrates containing 0%, 3% and 4% vegetable oils.Results:Oils supplementation did not affect (p>0.05) in vitro DM digestibility, and concentrations of total volatile FAs and ammonia-N. Sunflower oil and soybean oil decreased (p<0.05) protozoal numbers with increasing levels of oils. Other oils had less pronounced effect (p>0.05) on protozoal numbers. Both trans-11 C18:1 FA and cis-9, trans-11 CLA concentrations were increased (p<0.05) by sunflower and soybean oil supplementation at 4% level with the highest concentration observed for sunflower oil. The addition of other oils did not significantly (p>0.05) increase the trans-11 C18:1 FA and cis-9, trans-11 CLA concentrations as compared to the control. The concentrations of stearic, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids were not altered (p>0.05) due to the addition of any vegetable oils.Conclusion:Supplementation of sunflower and soybean oils enhanced beneficial trans-11 C18:1 FA and cis-9, trans-11 CLA concentrations in rumen fluid, while sesame, rice bran, groundnut, and mustard oils were ineffective in this study.
Highlights
Enrichment of the nutraceutical quality of meat and milk of ruminant origins has been of growing interests among the researchers using dietary approaches due to increasing demands of healthy foods by the consumers [1,2,3,4]
Other oils had less pronounced effect (p>0.05) on protozoal numbers. Both trans-11 C18:1 fatty acids (FA) and cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) concentrations were increased (p
Supplementation of sunflower and soybean oils enhanced beneficial trans-11 C18:1 FA and cis-9, trans-11 CLA concentrations in rumen fluid, while sesame, rice bran, groundnut, and mustard oils were ineffective in this study
Summary
Enrichment of the nutraceutical quality of meat and milk of ruminant origins has been of growing interests among the researchers using dietary approaches due to increasing demands of healthy foods by the consumers [1,2,3,4]. The healthy fatty acids (FA), especially conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs) and n-3 polyunsaturated FA (eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid) in foods for human consumption have shown several potential health benefits in several studies [1,5]. Another FA, trans-11 C18:1 ( called vaccenic acid; VA) is associated with decreased risks of cardiovascular disease [6,7]. Usual dietary intakes of meat and milk are not adequate in fulfilling the requirement of cis-9, trans-11 CLA to achieve expected health benefits [1]. Several studies over the last two decades have been conducted
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