Abstract
Lung cancer has the highest death rates. Aerosol drug delivery has been used for other lung diseases. The use of inhaled vanadium (V) as an option for lung cancer treatment is explored. Four groups of mice were studied: (1) Saline inhalation alone, (2) Single intraperitoneal (i.p.) dose of urethane, (3) V nebulization twice a week (Wk) for 8 Wk, and (4) A single dose of urethane and V nebulization for 8 Wk. Mice were sacrificed at the end of the experiment. Number and size of tumors, PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen) and TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl tranferase dUTP nick-end labeling) immunohistochemistry were evaluated and compared within groups. Results: The size and number of tumors decreased in mice exposed to V-urethane and the TUNEL increased in this group; differences in the PCNA were not observed. Conclusions: Aerosol V delivery increased apoptosis and possibly the growth arrest of the tumors with no respiratory clinical changes in the mice.
Highlights
Lung cancer is a worldwide health problem, and this tumor has the highest estimated death rates because of the delay in the diagnosis and in the beginning of its treatment [1]
In groups II and IV, the nuclei stain was in the tumor cells statistical difference was observed in the proliferative index calculated mas in groups II (PI 24.18%) and IV (PI 25.93%) (Figure 7)
With whole body exposure, the regression of the adenomas was almost complete, observing some areas of peribronchiolar inflammation with no clinical effects observed in the mice, only a weight increase in V-exposed groups, which could be explained by the anabolic activity reported for V [36]
Summary
Lung cancer is a worldwide health problem, and this tumor has the highest estimated death rates because of the delay in the diagnosis and in the beginning of its treatment [1]. In groups II and IV, the nuclei stain was in the tumor cells statistical difference was observed in the proliferative index calculated mas in groups II (PI 24.18%) and IV (PI 25.93%) (Figure 7). A clear statistical difference was observed in the apoptotic the adenomas in groups II (AI 5.1%) and IV (AI 10%) (Figure 9). With whole body exposure, the regression of the adenomas was almost complete, observing some areas of peribronchiolar inflammation with no clinical effects observed in the mice, only a weight increase in V-exposed groups, which could be explained by the anabolic activity reported for V [36]. We propose V as a potential antineoplastic agent for lung cancer by aerosol delivery that will reduce the number of tumor cells and possibly the systemic side effects reported for V. Other V compounds need further analysis to find the dose and the best protocol for the administration for this element, which opens another possible treatment for NSCLC
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