Abstract
We aimed to assess the effects of ultrasonic scaling and air-powder polishing on the roughness of enamel, three nanocomposites (Premise, Herculite Ultra, Harmonize), and composite/enamel and composite/cementum interfaces. Class V cavities were restored in 99 extracted third molars with one of the three nanocomposites and treated with ultrasonic scaler or air-powder polishing device (calcium carbonate or sodium bicarbonate powders). The roughness (Ra) of the investigated surfaces was measured with contact profilometer before and after treatment. The data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA. Specimens’ Ra values before instrumentation were near the clinically acceptable 0.2 μm threshold. All techniques increased the roughness of the tested surfaces; however, the enamel was slightly affected. The mean Ra values after prophylaxis for composite, composite/cementum and composite/enamel surfaces were 0.32–0.55, 1.33–1.73, and 1.25–1.36, respectively. The extent of composite surface damage was material dependent. Premise surface was not altered by ultrasonic scaling significantly. Air-powder polishing with both powders produced a greater increase in surface roughness of composite resin and restorations margins than ultrasonic scaling. The Ra values after both types of air polishing for Herculite Ultra and Harmonize were approximately 1.5 and 2 times higher, respectively, than those after ultrasonic scaling (p < 0.05).
Highlights
Periodontal disease is one of the six most prevalent noncommunicable conditions [1,2], affecting between 20% and 50% of people worldwide [3]
The null hypotheses tested were that there would be no differences in surface roughness (1) among the composite resins treated using different hygienic procedures, (2) among the three hygienic procedures for each composite resin and enamel, or (3) among the investigated surfaces, i.e., the composite surface, composite/enamel interface, and composite/cementum interfaces
Ninety-nine teeth were randomly assigned to the treatment groups (11 samples for each composite treated with one of the following hygienic procedures: ultrasonic scaling (USS), air-powder polishing using sodium bicarbonate (APPSB), or air-powder polishing using calcium carbonate (APPCC))
Summary
Periodontal disease is one of the six most prevalent noncommunicable conditions [1,2], affecting between 20% and 50% of people worldwide [3]. Periodontal diseases are a set of inflammatory conditions that affect the supporting structures of the teeth, result in attachment and bone loss, and, without due treatment, can lead to spontaneous tooth loss or extraction [4]. They are associated with the presence of a microbial biofilm, which is a highly organized community of microorganisms embedded in an extracellular matrix composed of polysaccharides [5,6,7,8].
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