The Effect of TiO2 additives on the antibacterial properties (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus) of glaze on ceramic tiles

Abstract

Antibacterial glaze coating on ceramic tiles with TiO2 additive was conducted to meet environmental sanitation needs. Raw materials used were commercial glaze 107, silica sand, and 0-5% weight of TiO2 powder. The glaze mixture was added with distilled water and ground in an alumina pot mill for 24 hours. The glaze mass was coated on the green body, dried and then burned at a temperature of 1200°C with a holding time of 2 hours. On the glazed tiles, there was a layer of glass with an amorphous structure based on the X-Ray Diffraction results. The addition of TiO2 caused an increase in opacity but decreased visual white color. Glaze antibacterial properties were tested for Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria using the disc diffusion method. The addition of TiO2 caused resistance to two types of bacteria, both for raw and burned glaze. The TiO2 inhibition was similar to amoxicillin as a positive control. It had a greater resistance to S. aureus than E. coli bacteria. The largest inhibitory diameter value of 7.7 mm obtained by 5% TiO2 glaze powder burnt against S. aureus bacteria. Glaze coating on the tile caused a greater inhibition diameter of 24.75 mm for 1% TiO2 burned glazed.