Abstract
Potatoes are one of the most responsive crops for grooming techniques since in the period from seedlings before closing rows are easily suppressed by weeds that take away nutrients, water, light from it. The factor that causes high harm to potatoes is weed. By absorbing a large number of nutrients and moisture from the soil, weeds inhibit the growth and development of plants, reducing their potential productivity. The purpose of the study was to establish the effect of the timing of the introduction of bedding manure in conjunction with mineral fertilizers and planting density on the weediness of potato plantings. Studies were provided to identify the impact of the timing of bedding manure together with mineral fertilizers and planting density for weed planting potatoes. Experiments were laid by the systematic method with a tiered arrangement of variants in the experiment with a 3-fold repetition. We used cattle manure on straw bedding for autumn-winter harvesting. The following types of fertilizers were used: ammonium nitrate, double superphosphate, potassium chloride. Determination of the amount and biomass of weeds in potato plantings was carried out in the flowering phase and before harvesting. The application of manure was accompanied by an increase in the number and weight of weeds. Annual weeds predominated in potato plantings: Amaranthus retroflexus L., 1753 and Amaranthus blitoides S. Watson, 1877, Chenopodium album L. Chenopodium album L., 1753, Setaria P. Beauv, 1812 and Setaria viridis (L.) P. Beauv, 1812, Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) BEAUV., 1812 and others, perennials included Cirsium arvense (L.) SCOP. 1772 and Sonchus arvensis L., 1753, (Elytrigia repens (L.) DESV. ex NEVSKI, 1933 and others. Planting density also has a definite effect on the development of weeds. When manure was applied in autumn under the plow, the number of weeds increased in comparison with other options, where only mineral fertilizers were applied. The application of manure over frozen plow and in winter over snow leads to a slight decrease (2.3-2.5 pcs/m2) of weeds. The greatest number of weeds is observed during the spring application of manure for plowing the fall plow. Nevertheless, studies aimed at clarifying the composition and structure of weediness, the number and weight of weeds in potato plantings are of great practical importance for local agricultural producers. These data should contribute to the development of an effective weed control system and high yields of potatoes in the region
Highlights
Preservation and improvement of soil fertility is the main part of the general problem of rational use of land resources, increasing productivity, and improving the soil ecology of agricultural landscapes [1; 2]
The purpose of the study was to establish the effect of the timing of the introduction of bedding manure in conjunction with mineral fertilizers and planting density on the weediness of potato plantings
When manure was applied in autumn under the plow, the number of weeds increased in comparison with other options, where only mineral fertilizers were applied
Summary
Preservation and improvement of soil fertility is the main part of the general problem of rational use of land resources, increasing productivity, and improving the soil ecology of agricultural landscapes [1; 2]. By regulating the intensity of nutrient supply to plants by applying fertilizers, it means changing the activity, and even the direction of biochemical reactions, which, will significantly increase the efficiency of the fertilizers used and use the potential of the crop or varieties [3]. The presence of weeds on the field leads to a dramatic decrease in the productivity of land and the marketability of tubers. By absorbing a large number of nutrients and moisture from the soil, weeds inhibit the growth and development of plants, reducing their potential productivity. Caring for potato plantings and harvesting tubers infested with weeds is difficult, total costs increase. Tubers germinate slowly while weeds grow fast. Weeds generally absorb moisture and nutrients by growing in potato plantings. Thereby they reduce the moisture and nutrient content of the soil
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