The effect of the distance between the end point of the osteotomy and the lateral cortex on the lateral cortical hinge fracture in medial opening-wedge high tibial osteotomy

Abstract

Background The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of different distances between the end point of the osteotomy and the lateral cortex on the risk of lateral cortical fracture in the medial opening-wedge high tibial osteotomy (MOWHTO) procedure. Methods Eighteen synthetic tibia models were used. Saw cuts were performed on the test models (n=6 for all groups). Wedge gap distance and wedge opening load were evaluated using compression tests. Findings The mean maximum gap distance without a lateral cortical fracture was 19.90 mm in Group 5, 15.49 mm in Group 10, and 11.23 mm in Group 15. The differences between Group 5 and Group 10, Group 5 and Group 15, and Group 10 and Group 15 were statistically significant. The mean load just before the fracture was 13.24 N in Group 5, 18.31 N in Group 10, and 26.16 N in Group 15. The difference between Group 5 and Group 15 was statistically significant. No significant difference was observed between Group 10 and both Group 5 and Group 15. Interpretation As the end point of the osteotomy is brought gradually closer to the lateral cortex, wider gaps can be opened without a lateral cortical fracture. Thus, higher angle corrections can be achieved more safely by bringing the end point of the osteotomy closer to the lateral cortex, which should be preferred to reduce the risk of a lateral cortical hinge fracture during the MOWHTO procedure, from a clinical viewpoint.